Populated points. The town of Klin (142,000 inhabitants in 1983) - the center of chemical, textile and light industry. The towns: Solnechnogorsck (51,500 inhabitants) and Visockovsck (12,000 inhabitants) and also town-like settlements (from 750 to 15,700 habitants) have textile and light industry enterprises. The towns and settlements are mostly rectangularly planned. The main streets are wide (20 - 40 meters), they are paved with cobblestone or sometimes asphalt; the other streets are narrower (10 - 20 meters); most of them are not paved. More built up are the following areas: downtowns and settlement centers, and also the sections near the railroad stations, where there are many brick 2 - 4 story houses, along with the wooden ones. The other towns and settlements are rarely built-up, and there are not many houses on the streets. The houses, as a rule, are wooden 1 - 2 story. Usually 10 - 500 inhabitants are counted in the villages, and the biggest villages have about 2,000 inhabitants. The villages are rarely built-up forming sections or rows. Houses are mostly wooden, 1-story; some of public buildings (such as clubs, hospitals, schools, etc.) are brick, 1 - 2 story. The streets usually are not paved in the villages unless they are located by the sides of highways, in which case they are always paved. All the settlements have many trees and shrubs, and most of them are provided with electric power and telephone connections. There is always indoor plumbing in the towns and settlements; although the country people use water directly out of wells (depth is 5 - 20 meters), and rivers.

Road network. The main railroad is the Moscow-Klin-Likhoslavl (in the direction of Leningrad). The inclines are up to 15%, and the least radius of curves is 250 meters. The rails are 65 kg/meter, railroad ties are wooden; the safe pressure to the axle is 23 tons. The length of tracks taking the trains on at the stations and letting the trains leave the station, is 400-700 meters. The pulling is by electric locomotive on the main route, and by the diesel locomotive on the other routes. Improved shosses (highways) No. M-10 Moscow-Kalinin and No. M-9 Moscow Volocolamsck are the most significant roads for the State; they are covered with asphalt or cement/concrete based on sand and gravel (20-65 centimeters thick). The width of the shosses fit for traffic is 7-15 meters; the width of road lead is 14-16 meters, (but sometimes up to 21 meters). The rest of the highways are paved with cobblestone or gravel, rarely with asphalt, and based on sand and gravel or just sand; the width of the road used for traffic is usually 5-8 meters (sometimes up to 13 meters), and the width of less significant roadbeds is 7-10 meters. Improved dirt roads (4-10 meters in their width) are reinforced with sand and gravel, but only in certain places; locally the roadbeds are in very bad condition. All dirt roads become wet and very difficult for vehicles to go through while raining or when snow is melting. The bridges at the shosses are usually reinforced concrete, with the carrying capacity 15-100 tons; (but you can meet also wooden bridges with the carrying capacity of 5-10 tons). All the rest of the road bridges are wooden with the carrying capacity of 3-15 tons.

Relief and soils. The terrain is flat (absolute height 130-280m) wooded, covered with a network of small rivers. On the north of the area, the relief is flat or gentle, wavy, often swampy. There is a range of hills over almost all the south of the region. The elevation of ranges is 20-80 m, the crests of ridges are wide and mostly flat, the slopes are gentle as a rule (up to 8°), but locally their steepness reaches 10-15 degrees. The river valleys crossing the hilly part of the area, are mostly narrow (0.4-1.0 kilometer), with gentle slopes; from time to time there are found steep or precipitous slopes, indented with the ravines which have a depth up to 15 meters. As a whole, the main obstacles for the traffic are formed by forests and rivers and by marshes as well, and on the north part of the area, especially during the time of year when roads are impassable. The Volgs River is a large water border along with Ivankovsky Reservoir (located in the down stream of the River Shosh). The prevalent soils are clays and loams (see the diagram); on the hillsides the soils contain rock debris and boulders. In the north part of the area the sands and sandy loams, partly swamped, occupy big areas. On the marshes the soil is peat up to 2 meters thick. The subsoil waters on the river valleys and lowlands occur 1-5 meters down, and underlay up to 20 meters in the slopes of hills and ranges.

Hydrography. The Volga River is navigable. There is the Ivankovskaya hydroelectric station dam on it. The Volga is 0.6-2.0 kilometers in width and 5-13 meters in depth, and has slow stream flow (about 0.1 meter/sec.). The bottom is sandy or muddy, and the banks are low lying and gentle. The flood plan has two sides, and is narrow (50-300 meters). The other rivers are not large: 5-30 meters in width, (but the rivers Shosha and Lama reach locally the width of 50-70 meters); the depth is 1-2 meters (maximum up to 3 meters), and the stream speed is 0.2-0.4 meters/second. The bottom of the small rivers is also sandy-muddy, the banks are chiefly low-lying and gentle; only the rivers Sestra, Lama and Yauza have primary steep and precipitous banks up to 3 meters high. The flood plains, as a rule, are two-sided, 0.1-1-1.5 kilometers in width, and are meadows that are mostly/sometimes swamped. The Ekaterinsky Canal is not used for navigation; its width is 10-20 meters (maximum up to 40 meters); its depth is 2-4 meters; the banks are steep, up to 2.5 meters. The Ivankorskoye Water Reservoir is of an area about 75 kilometers², considering the length is about 2.5 km and the width from 1.5 to 5 km. The dominating depth of the Water Reservoir is 5-6 meters, the bottom is muddy, the banks are low-lying, and mostly swamped. Istrinskoye Water Reservoir is the area of 30 km²; its length 15 km, the width is 0.3-1.5 km, the depth 3-15 meters; the bottom is sandy-muddy, the banks are gentle with gulfs. The rivers freeze up in the end of November, and the ice is broken up in the first half of April. By March the ice may reach up to 50-70 centimeters. Drifting of ice lasts 3-10 days. The water reaches its maximum high level (1.5 -3.5 meters) by mid-April; at that time rivers overflow (which lasts 8-20 days). Normal water level stays from July until September; but then brief water risings happen (0.5-1.5 meters up), which are caused by all the rain floods. The water reservoirs freeze up 5-10 days earlier than rivers, but the ice is broken up a few days later; by the end of the winter ice is as thick as 80-150 centimeters. At springtime the water level on the Water Reservoirs goes up 2-3 meters higher (maximum up to 5 meters). The swamps are 0.5-2 meters in their depth. Almost all swamps are grassy, with hummocky surfaces, overgrown with 5-10 meters height of rare wood or shrubs. The swamps freeze up by the middle of December (the average depth that is frozen solid is 0.3-0.5 meters, and it melts in May. In the spring, when snow melts and also in the fall, while raining, the swamps normally fill up with water and are especially difficult to traverse.

Vegetation. The dominant mixed woods are birches, aspen, fir-tree. There are found small dense forests of birches and aspens, as well as coniferous trees (fir and pine trees). The trees have 15-22 meter height (in the coniferous woods - up to 25 meters), the thickness of trunks is 0.15-0.25 meters, and the distance between trees is 2-5 meters. The underbrush is bushy, up to 1.5-3 meters in height. The cleared paths in a forest are 4-6 meters wide; many of them have become overgrown with shrubs and are not suitable for traffic.

Climatic conditions. Winter (from the middle of November til the end of March) is moderately cold, with mostly cloudy weather. Stable frosts are typical; the air temperature ranges -5 to -1° C, becoming lower periodically in January and February down to -25° or -30°C. Several times a season there are brief thaws. The snow cover is formed by the end of November, reaching 10-60 centimeters by the end of winter. Snowstorms normally average 3-6 times per month. The soils become frozen to a depth of 0.6-1 meter by the end of winter. The spring (the end of March through the end of May) is cool, with unsteady weather. For the spring, it is common to have brief periods of cold weather, when the temperature goes down nightly (even in May) below 0°C. Precipitation normally falls as rain (10-13 rainy days a month). However, in April there might be snowfall as well. The snow cover melts by the middle of April. Summer (the end of May through the end of August), is warm in temperature; about half of all summer days are almost cloudless and clear. The air temperature during the day is 16-20°C (in July it may be up to 28-30° sometimes); at night -10 to -15°C. During the summer, precipitation is high (as average 13-15 rainy days monthly); brief rainstorms are typical, sometimes with thunderstorms; also lengthy drizzle showers are common. Fall (the end of August through the middle of November), is usually fairly warm up to the end of September, with clear and partly cloudy weather dominating. In October the weather becomes cool, gloomy; in November, there is a sudden cold snap. Precipitation is mostly rain; beginning from the middle of October, rains take turns with snowfalls, but the snow usually melts. Four to five days each month usually have fog. Winds during the whole year are generally westerly, south-westerly and southern; their dominating speed is 2-5 meters per second. the Russian Topographic Map index.